C# - Resources – Text-Based Typed Resources

.Net supports two types of extended set of resources that includes Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) type information: Text and Binary.

ResX is a .Net specific XML format file for Text-Based Typed Resources. Following is a sample of this file:

<root>
  <xsd:schema id="root" xmlns=""
      xmlns:xsd=http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema
      xmlns:msdata="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xml-msdata">
    <xsd:element name="root" msdata:IsDataSet="true">
      <xsd:complexType>
        <xsd:choice maxOccurs="unbounded">
          <xsd:element name="data">
            <xsd:complexType>
              <xsd:sequence>
                <xsd:element name="value" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" msdata:Ordinal="1" />
                <xsd:element name="comment" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" msdata:Ordinal="2" />
              </xsd:sequence>
              <xsd:attribute name="name" type="xsd:string" />
              <xsd:attribute name="type" type="xsd:string" />
              <xsd:attribute name="mimetype" type="xsd:string" />
            </xsd:complexType>
          </xsd:element>
          <xsd:element name="resheader">
            <xsd:complexType>
              <xsd:sequence>
                <xsd:element name="value" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" msdata:Ordinal="1" />
              </xsd:sequence>
              <xsd:attribute name="name" type="xsd:string" use="required" />
            </xsd:complexType>
          </xsd:element>
        </xsd:choice>
      </xsd:complexType>
    </xsd:element>
  </xsd:schema>
  <resheader name="ResMimeType">
    <value>text/microsoft-resx</value>
  </resheader>
  <resheader name="Version">
    <value>1.0.0.0</value>
  </resheader>
  <resheader name="Reader">
    <value>System.Resources.ResXResourceReader, System.Windows.Forms, 
        Version=1.0.5000.0, Culture=neutral,
        PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089</value>
  </resheader>
  <resheader name="Writer">
    <value>System.Resources.ResXResourceWriter, System.Windows.Forms,
        Version=1.0.5000.0, Culture=neutral, 
        PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089</value>
  </resheader>
  <data name="FormCaption">
    <value>Sample Text-Based Resources</value>
  </data>
  <data name="ButtonCaption">
    <value>OK</value>
  </data> 
</root>

The above file can be created manually, but it’s advisable to create it by using Visual Studio, as .resx file is not meant to be read or edited by humans. To add a new .resx file in Visual Studio, select Add New Item from the project menu and choose the Assembly Resource File template. Visual Studio also provide an editor for .resx file.

Most of the codes shown above are schema information. Only the section shown below is for the resources data:

…
<data name="FormCaption">
  <value>Sample Text-Based Resources</value>
</data>
<data name="ButtonCaption">
  <value>OK</value>
</data>
…

Above codes added two entries for the Form Caption and the Button Caption, and both are string entries. If image is require to be added to the .resx resources, the Base64 data encoding will be required. Following is an example for adding an image to the resx file:

<data name="FormBackgroundImage" type="System.Drawing.Bitmap, System.Drawing,
    Version=1.0.5000.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a"
    mimetype="application/x-microsoft.net.object.bytearray.base64">
    <value>
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        AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
        AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACwAAAAA5gBlAAAH/4BKgoOEhYaHiImK
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  </data>

Once the .resx file is created, the application can load it and enumerate it using the ResXResourceReader class from System.Resources namespace:

using System;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Resources;
using System.Collections;

namespace TextResourcesApplication {
 public class TextResourcesForm: Form {
  
  // Constructor
  public TextResourcesForm() {
   this.SuspendLayout();

   // Load the resources from the resource file TextResources.resx
   using (ResXResourceReader reader = new ResXResourceReader(@"TextResources.resx")) {
    // Enumerate with a Dictionary object
    foreach (DictionaryEntry entry in reader) {
     string temp = string.Format("
      Name: {0}, // Resource Name (name attribute)
      Value: {1}, // Resoutce Value (value attribute) 
      Type: {2}", // Resource Type (type attribute)
      entry.Key, 
      entry.Value, 
      entry.Value.GetType());
     MessageBox.Show(temp);
    }
   }

   this.ResumeLayout(false);
  }

  public static void Main() {
   Application.Run(new TextResourcesForm());
  }
 }
}

The above codes will loop through each entry in the resources file, and display the entry name, value and type with a message box. The ResXResourceReader class will parse the XML file (.resx file) and return a set of names, typed values, and the value types. The limitation of ResXResourceReader is unable to provides random access to the resources, so in order to access a particular entry, the system have to loop through all the resources and find the matching entry:

…
using (ResXResourceReader reader = new ResXResourceReader(@"TextResources.resx")) {
foreach (DictionaryEntry entry in reader) {
 // if entry is FormCaption, retrieve it's value and cast to string
  if (entry.Key.ToString() == "FormCaption") {
   this.Text = (string) entry.Value;
  }
  // if entry is FormBackgroundImage, retrieve it's value and cast to Bitmap
  if (entry.Key.ToString() == "FormBackgroundImage") {
   this.BackgroundImage = (Bitmap) entry.Value;
  }
 }
}
…

The type information for the resources is embedded along with the data itself, so retrieving the resources just requiring a simple cast to get the typed values of the data. Below is a sample form generated from above codes: